Catholic Social Justice: Justice and Peace Essay

Headings: As you are perusing the section, fill in the missing data. Pages 174-196â€Christians and Peace 1. Pope Paul VI once composed, â€Å"If you need harmony, work for justice†. 2. In The Challenge of Peacemaking, the American religious administrators talked about a _spiritual of peacemaking, which starts in the individual’s psyche and heart. 3. The priests perceive that peacemaking is improved by those propensities that enable us to be acceptable, otherwise called Spirituality of Peacemaking_. 4. Valid or False (assuming bogus, clarify why): Peace is the nonattendance of war. Bogus, harmony is more than the nonappearance of war, 5. In the Old Testament, harmony is one of the numerous products of keeping the _covenant_. 6. In the New Testament, Christ’s declaration of the reign of God calls us to _conversion__ in which love is appeared to dismiss retribution and viciousness and grasp absolution. 7. Numerous Catholics battle that a complete responsibility to _nonviolence_ is more qualified to the gospel observer to harmony. 8. Match the degrees of savagery with their portrayal: A) Counter-violence†¦b†¦where essential rights are denied B) Repressive violence†¦a†¦where a persecuted bunch reacts C) Institutional violence†¦c†¦where people with significant influence rehash the pattern of savagery 9. An outspoken opponent is somebody who restricts war on _conscientious objectors_ while another sort will pass on wars viewed as pacifists_. 10. The ministers overwhelmingly certify the rule of _proportionality_ to save noncombatants from savagery. 11. The correct arrangement of _just war_ is perceived by Church as an important component of deciding the ethical load of any military clash. 12. Match the standards of the Just War custom with the right portrayal: A. Worthwhile motivation ___2 1. Quiet endeavors more likely than not been attempted and depleted B. Real position ___5 2. A quick danger to blameless life or human rights C. Similar equity ___3 3. Delegate of the individuals and the benefit of everyone D. Right expectation ___6 4. The harm perpetrated and the great expected must be connected E. Likelihood of achievement ___7 5. Inspiration must be perceived in capable initiative F. Proportionality ___4 6. The nonsensical utilization of power is forestalled by this G. Final hotel ___1 7. Qualities should coordinate clash 13. At the point when applied to psychological oppression, the Just War custom perceives that fear based oppressor activities are a __grave_ malicious that can never be advocated. 14. Peacemaking procedures involve two Catholic Social Teaching topics of worldwide _option for the poor_ and a worldwide _solidarity_. 15. In the plan for harmony, the three essential objectives are to reinforce _international institutions_, for example, the United Nations, work to make sure about _human rights_, for example, the protection of life, and to advance improvement of _for the less fortunate nations_, by perceiving the imbalance of worldwide riches. 16. Name and portray two of the four stages prescribed to right worldwide imbalances. Improving remote guide, amending exchange relationship easing universal obligation, finishing the arm race, Halting arms exchange, and forbidding landmines.

Christopher Columbus :: Christopher Columbus Essays

Christopher Columbus, conceived in 1451, was the most established child of Domenico Colombo. A questionable figure accused for the destruction of the locals in the island he â€Å"discovered†, Columbus in any case ought to be credited with opening Europe’s eyes and ears to the Caribbean. All through his lifetime Columbus made 4 journeys to the New World.      On the primary stumble on Aug. 3, 1492, Columbus cruised from Palos, Spain, with three little ships, the Santa Marã ­a, told by Columbus himself, the Pinta under Martã ­n Pinzã ³n, and the Niã ±a under Vicente Y㠡ã ±ez Pinzã ³n. In the wake of stopping at the Canary Islands, he cruised due west from Sept. 6 until Oct. 7, when he changed his course toward the southwest. On Oct. 10 a little insurrection was subdued, and on Oct. 12 he arrived on a little island (Watling Island; or San Salvadort) in the Bahamas gathering. He took ownership for Spain and, with intrigued locals on board, found different islands in the area. On Oct. 27 he located Cuba and on Dec. 5 arrived at Hispaniola. On Christmas Eve the Santa Marã ­a was destroyed on the north shore of Hispaniola, and Columbus, leaving men there to establish a state, rushed back to Spain on the Niã ±a. His gathering was everything he could wish; as indicated by his agreement with the Spanish sovereigns he was m ade â€Å"admiral of the sea sea† and senator general of every new land he had found or ought to find.      On the second outing fitted out with an enormous armada of 17 boats, with 1,500 pilgrims on board, Columbus cruised from Cã ¡diz in Oct., 1493. His landfall this time was made in the Lesser Antilles, and his new revelations incorporated the Leeward Islands and Puerto Rico. The chief of naval operations showed up at Hispaniola to locate the main province pulverized by Native Americans. He established another settlement close by, and afterward cruised off in the late spring of 1494 to investigate the southern bank of Cuba. In the wake of finding Jamaica he came back to Hispaniola and found the pilgrims, intrigued distinctly with regards to discovering gold, totally sloppy; his endeavors to uphold severe order drove some to hold onto vessels and come back to Spain to gripe of his organization. Leaving his sibling Bartholomew in control at Hispaniola, Columbus additionally came back to Spain in 1496.      On his third undertaking, in 1498, Columbus had to move convicts as pilgrims, in light of the awful reports on conditions in Hispaniola and in light of the fact that the oddity of the New World was wearing off.

3-D Blog!!

3-D Blog!! I first thought of giving this blog the fitting title of “My First Blog” because not only is this my first admissions blog, its my first blog EVER! * waits for the “Welcome to the Blogging World” song * I am extremely excited to share my MIT world with the blogosphere and to heighten this grand experience, I decided to wear a pair of real life 3-D GLASSES!!! I like to call this one “Cyd in 3-D” So without further ado, I will get on with the “Who is Cydnie” business… I am commonly referred to as Cydnie or Cyd or CTrice or even just Trice. I’m not extremely picky about what I’m called as long as it’s in some way related to me. This is especially because I have an uncanny ability to use parts of names (or memorable stories) to totally warp everyone else’s name into some random jumble of sounds that only I would have any reason for using or even dare to say aloud. I hail from the wonderfully warm world of Memphis, TN. I’ve grown to appreciate the warmth even more since I’ve been in Boston. The weather here is by far, the most random shuffle of unpredictable behavior I’ve had the pleasure (?) of encountering in my 21 years. In a way, the weather in Boston keeps you in shape because it can flip from warm and breezy to frigid and raining at the drop of a hat; you have to be prepared for anything. The great thing about our campus is, you have the option of not going outside all day if you so choose (see Infinite Corridor). This fall will be the start of my senior year at the Institute (!!!!). I’ve been through a number of different majors but I’ve finally settled on Management Science (Course 15) and I love it! Other parts of my MIT world include, the MIT Gospel Choir, the IMPACT Movement (Christian Life Group/Community), and being an ambassador for both the Alumni Association and the Admissions Office (with a focus on Minority Recruitment). Well this concludes my 3-D Blog. Cheers!

The Biggest Military Figure Of Ancient History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1112 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Alexander The Great Essay Did you like this example? To people, Alexander the Great was granted as one of the biggest military figure of our ancient history. He was defined to strive for greatness at a very young age by his father Philip II. Alexander was born in July of 356 BC in Pella Greece. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Biggest Military Figure Of Ancient History" essay for you Create order His fathers name was Philip II of Macedon, and his mothers name was Olympias. Alexanders mother had a dominant role in his life. Due to his father, not being around a lot because of the military campaigns and his other business. His main idol was his mother, even though his dad did have an impact on him with sending him to many teachers to educate him. Alexander was married three different times. That to Roxana from 327-323 BC, Stateira II from 324-323 BC, and Parysatis II from 324-323 BC. His parents were a huge impact to him growing up. He had a physique of an athlete. He was very skilled at hunting. At the age of 12, Alexander had proven to his father that his greatness told by Plutarch showed his skills with many horses by training the untamable horses. One horse named Bucephalus was known for eating the flesh of the people that had tried to tame or even ride him. When Alexander took over and decided to ride him, he had done no such harm to Alexander. The horse was gifted by his father who was later dumbfounded because nothing had happened when Alexander rode him. Philip II had later educated Alexander by one of the finest teachers, Aristotle. He had taught Alexander at the age of 13, many ways of education which had later have a major impact on his life with many different situations. For example, he taught him science, poetry, drama, politics and many more. Philip had tried to raise his on with everything that he had known. As Philip went on a conquest to Persia, young Alexander was commanded the Macedonian left wing and annihilated the Scared Band of Thebans. Two years later in 336 BC, Philip II was murdered. They said that a young noble in Philips personal bodyguard was the one to pull a small weapon under his cloak and stabbed him in his heart which had killed him in a heartbeat. Many had said that Olympias was the one that had set up his death, but I could not later be proved. As the death is over with, Alexander had come to take over throne and became the King. Due to him being well known and worthy of himself, there were no questions about him being the King. As he was congratulated, he wanted to meet just one person. The great philosopher, Diogenes the Cynic. At the time, he was a famous citizen of Corinth. Diogenes the Cynic, was known for sleeping in the tub and had carried some source of light during the day, saying that he was looking for an honest man. The concept later became meaningful as Alexanders campaign of conquest to explore the rest of the known world. Alexander had later destroyed a revolted city called, Thebes. He allowed the other city states to keep democratic government. He had prepared to complete the mission that had not accomplished, that was to invade Persia. He had completed his fathers mission, and later the Persia Empire had traveled westward to conjoin the Greek cities of Asia Minor. This made one third of the Greek World. In 334 BC, Alexander went to Hellespont, between Europe and Asia Minor. Alexander had with him, 30,000 soldiers and 5,000 cavalries. They had worn armor, but they had also had a weapon called the long pike. Alexander had also brought along many other people, like the botanist, and geographers. They all collected information for Aristotle. As they kept records of the march, it served as the maps for the Asian centuries. Alexander had visited ancient Troy to pay respect to Achilles and the other heroes of Iliad. In May, Alexander defeated a large body of Persian. It was said that it was four times the size of his own. As he then started to march towards the south, freeing the Greek cities from the Persian Empire, they became allies. During the winter time, he began to turn inland to subside the hill tribes. When he was in Gordium, he was shown a very special knot. A man had said that whoever could have united would be the ruler of Asia. Alexander had not doubt and cut the knot with his shiny sword. Alexander army lead by Darius III of Persia, met in Issus, October of 333 BC. He was later founded out that he was charged of his cavalry against Darius who had later fled. He had later fled on to the coast of Phoenicia to reach the large Persian navy from its harbors. On a island, they were being held out for seven months until Alexander had used his knowledge to build a structure and that battered down the stone walls. During the end, the conqueror had reached Egypt. They had welcomed him and had accepted him as their pharaoh, or as they say king. He had strived and made many sacrifices to the gods. Near the end of the Nile River, they had found a new city which was later to be named, Alexandria after himself. It had took quick actions and replaced the Tyre as a major trade center in their region. It had later became into the first international city. As Greeks, Jews, Persians, and Macedonians, Indians and Africans were all brought in by the different options that were given in the port. As they all came together in the city, their culture became to be known as Hellenism. As it started to develop, both East and West were becoming to have an impact and change. In the Libyan Desert, he had visited the Greek god Zeus, as he saluted him as the son of a great god. As he left Egypt in 331 BC, he had gone in search for Darius. As they met over a wide plain near a small village of Gaugamela, it was not far from a town called Arebla. As Darius had gathered his military strengths, with elephants they had a great number of troops. Alexander had then begun to start his march again towards Darius. As Darius had fled again, Alexander had conquered and won a great victory in October of 331 BC. He was claimed as king of Asia. The Persian city so big, took around two to three days for them to surrender. As they welcomed back he had made many sacrifices to the god Marduk. The capital of Persia, Susa had also opened many gates for him.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 865 Words

The creation of society is one of the greatest acts of mankind. With agreed upon rules and common customs, society allows people to become united to achieve a common goal. However, with its benefits, it also has many faults. It is generally the case that people lose their sense of what is right and succumb to what everybody else is doing when caught up with the heat of the moment. Mark Twain, one of society’s loudest critics, recognizes the dangers of when people accept what is thrust upon them as truth and push their beliefs onto others. In his book, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain asserts that society often confines people with ridiculous ideas while freedom and happiness can be found away from such pressures. In today’s world, it is absurd to think that one man is below another just because his skin is a darker color. However, that assumption was considered truth during the time period that Huckleberry Finn lives in. As a black man, Jim is treated as inferior t o many abusive and malevolent white men. For instance, he is suspected to be Huckleberry’s murderer even when Pap has more motives to kill him and who would â€Å"cowhide [his son] till [he] was black and blue if [he] didn t raise some money for him†(Twain 14). It is only on account of his skin color that Jim is thought to be dangerous. Even so, he proves to be one of the kindest people in the story. When Tom Sawyer is shot and in need of assistance, Jim risks the freedom that he longs for and steps out to aidShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Bureaucracy Democracy Free Essays

Democracy is a term with several meanings and this has led to a genuine misconception as to its real meaning. To some, bureaucracy is red tape, to others it is officialdom and to some it is an organizational form (Cole p25). Observation and studies on bureaucracy have been done by many academicians among them Max Weber (1864-1920). We will write a custom essay sample on Bureaucracy Democracy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Weber wanted to find out why people in many organizations obeyed those in authority over them. Weber observed that people obeyed legitimate authority and he identified three types of legitimate authority as traditional authority, charismatic authority and rational-legal authority. It is the rational-legal form of authority that exists in most organizations today and this is the form to which Weber ascribed the term ‘bureaucracy’. Weber outlined the main features of bureaucracy as a continuous organization of functions bound by rules, specified spheres of competence, a hierarchical arrangement of offices, appointments to offices made on grounds of technical competence, the separation of officials from the ownership of the organization, official positions exist on their own right and finally rules, decisions and actions are formulated and recorded in writing (Cole p 26). Weber felt that bureaucracy was indispensable for large organizations and there is no doubt that this form organization has been adopted in one way or another virtually in all forms of enterprises the world over. Government bureaucracy: â€Å"If men were angels, no government would be necessary† James Madison and for governments bureaucracy is form of governance that is practicable. However this form of governance has critics and the views of Amy are that bureaucracy is a governance structure that is often perceived negatively by a number of people but he says that most criticisms of government bureaucracy are based more on myths than reality (Amy 2007 p1-8). Amy’s observation is that people normally associate bureaucracy to massive waste, inefficiency, poor service, ever-growing organizations, mindless rules and realms of useless forms. For these people there is nothing good about bureaucracy as those working in such systems are considered to be lazy, hostile, overpaid, imperious and inflexible. In his arguments, Amy dismisses what he terms the four myths about bureaucracy; 1. Myth no 1: Bureaucracies are immensely wasteful. Tax payers wrongly or rightly believe that much of the tax increases are a result of wastefulness arising from bureaucracies. Government agencies are considered not only wasteful but enormously wasteful. A survey carried out revealed that Americans believe that 48 cents of every tax dollar going to bureaucracies such the Social Security Administration are wasted (Amy 2007). Amy says that investigations by the Government Accounting Office and various blue-ribbon commissions have found that waste amounts to a small fraction of that figure. 2. Myth no 2: Business is always better than bureaucracy. As per Amy, there have been many empirical studies examining government bureaucracies versus business in many areas, including refuse collection, electrical utilities, public transportation, water supply systems and hospital administration. The findings have been mixed. Some studies of electric utilities have found that publicly owned ones were more efficient and charged lower prices than privately owned utilities. Several other studies found the opposite while many others found no significant difference. 3. Myth no 3: We want the government to act like a business. The main concern of the government is quality of the service not its costs unlike the business who are obsessed with the bottom-line and hence looking for the cheapest way to make a product or deliver as service. For example it will be imprudent to spend the least amount of resources in the air traffic control system or to look for the cheapest workforce to take charge of security at the airports. 4. Myth no 4: Bureaucracy is major cause of government growth. Conservatives argue that government bureaucracies have an inherent tendency to expand. However figures show that federal agencies have not been growing at an alarming rate. For example in 1970, about 2997000 civilians worked for the federal government at that time. By 2007 that figure had actually gone down to 2695000. An article in published by the Suburban Emergence Management Project (2006 home page) states that the Hurricane Katrina response by the federal, state and local governments in August-September 2005 caused some people to lose faith in the bureaucratic approach used by traditional government hierarchies to organize the provision of services to users who desperately needed them. For example, at the local level, New Orleans Mayor told the U. S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security that he could not commandeer the dozens available school buses to evacuate people because the school boards owned buses, he had no authority over the boards and there was no agreement for the use of the buses. At the state level, the Governor delayed use of military forces to begin reconstitution of the stricken localities until she could validate her authority to rule the troops by disallowing federal National Guards in her state. At the federal level, the President, the Homeland Security Secretary and Federal Emergency Management Agency director could provide services to users of New Orleans during Katrina only at the discretion of the governor of Louisiana. Conclusion: There are areas where government bureaucracy is more effective while in other cases it is counterproductive as evidenced during the Hurricane Katrina crisis. Works cited Amy, D. J. (2007). ‘The case of Democracy, The government is Good We the People; An unapologetic Defense of vital institution’. Available at http://www. governmentisgood. com/articles. php? =20 accessed on April 2, 2009. Pages 1-8 Cole, G. (2004). Management Theory and Practice, 6th Edition published, by Thomson Learning 2004. 25-28. Suburban Emergency Management Project (2006), ‘Government Bureaucracy and Two Newer Cultural Approaches to Provide Services Delivery to the Citizenry during Disasters’, Biot Report #411: November 07, 2006. Available at http://www. semp. us/public/biot_reder. php? BiotID=411 accessed on April 3, 2009. How to cite Bureaucracy Democracy, Papers

Larkins Poetry Is Predominantly Pessimistic free essay sample

How far do you agree? Larkins writing is largely pessimistic because of his inability to accept change throughout the era of his writing, he’s bitter character largely reflects personas in his poems for example Mr. Bleaney, whilst in others he prefers to mock those who lead alternative lifestyles to his own. Although his writing has a heavily pessimistic style to it, more of his character make-up is revealed. I feel we can see more clearly Larkins emotional un-clarity with the idea of being alone. It is this obscured view of reality that raises the question as to the sureness of his pessimism. Whilst I don’t doubt Larkins hatred for women, marriage and consumerism I question the reasons why. Larkin shows his pessimism by revealing his outsider position in society. In Dockery and Son the repition of â€Å"No son, no wife, no house† states the external expectation of society, however the persona contrasts what he actually wants by the absence of all these things being â€Å"natural† to him. Despite this the use of â€Å"quite† doesn’t fully convince the reader that he accepts his outsider status. It could be said that Larkin has not so much an aspiration, but a fascination for the norm. Similarly there is a feeling of distance in Here as Larkin describes the â€Å"Frinton folk† who â€Å"Put him up† for the summer. The use of fricative is showing an immediate lack of intimacy as the literary device uses harsh, sharp words. The vague description of â€Å"Folk† further confirms his lack of desire for family. Larkins clever use of words â€Å"put him up† have connotations of the family having to put up with him. Larkins decision to have the family reciprocating that lack of compassion could have more personal implications of the fear of being rejected, should he choose to attempt to begin a relationship. Likewise in Dockery and Son Larkin places a statement â€Å"I catch my train† next to a negative verb â€Å"ignored. † This displays how this seemingly normal task is overthought as there is no expectation to be acknowledged on a train. Larkin shows a level of possessiveness at the thought of being alone despite never openly admitting it. In addition Larkin presents his pessimism by taking the beauty out of everything. In Mr. Bleaney Larkin writes, â€Å"flowered curtains, thin and frayed† he juxtaposes these two phrases to emphasize the clear difference in description. I feel here Larkin is reflecting situations in reality by giving the reader a positive image and immediately contradicts that statement with the following line. Here Larkin mocks the reader for feeling a sense of optimism, this is an intentional warning as Larkin suggests optimism is not imminent in reality. Also in Dockery and Son Larkin associates clouds with being â€Å"thick and close† the decision to describe clouds in this way is impacting as it goes against out usual expectations. While this reflects Larkins choice to live to opposite way to majority of society it could also refer to the oppressive nature of the population. Larkins use of fricative in Mr. Bleaney when describing the â€Å"Frigid wind† and â€Å"Fusty bed† first gives the reader an insight into Larkins forbidding and unsympathetic personality. However whilst this is obviously the case there are implications of a lack of sexual use for the bed, hence the â€Å"fusty† description. In addition whilst we normally associate a bed with relaxation, luxury and intimacy Larkin simply uses the word â€Å"bed† as id he has none of these familiar feelings. However the fact that he has mentioned a bed more than once highly suggests this lack of sexual intimacy is not fully accepted by Larkin, one could even say he is disturbed by this deprivation. Once again Larkin goes against our associations to the colour red. By placing it in a list it reduces the significance of a colour we associate with love and romance. I feel the use of the colour red was a conscious one by Larkin as he again trys to reduce people’s aspirations, only this time it’s towards love. Here I think Larkin is showing his pessimism by antagonising the audience by taunting them, know most readers with own commercialised items, such as â€Å"red kitchen ware† However in the last stanza oh Here Larkin uses sibilance to describe an â€Å"Unfenced existence, facing the sun† which seems fairly optimistic despite being slightly ambiguous as to the location, its unclear weather its reality or fantasy, which closely mirrors Larkins conflict between pessimism and optimism. Finally Larkin frequently mocks other people in his writing possibly to assure himself of his views. For example in Here Larkins use of harsh sounding syllables â€Å"Grim head-scarfed wives† is accentuating his pessimism. Men often associate the female form with beauty and here Larkin defies this completely. It raises the question as to weather or not Larkin is so anti-family simply because he can’t sustain a relationship for long enough. This would coincide with the mocking stance he takes on when writing Mr. Bleaney. The onomatopoeic use of â€Å"Jabbering† confirms Mr. Bleaneys desire to be alone by the belittling of a large part of society. Whilst this may seem bleak to the reader, company seems to be irritating to Mr. Bleaney. This is interesting as some people would argue that in Mr. Bleaney Larkin is trying to create a meaning for himself. However I disagree and believe Larkin creates a bleak existence for Mr. Bleaney as he â€Å"Stayed in the whole time† to reflect his own life. Here Larkin is making a statement to the reader by acknowledging the fact that he is isolated.

A Moment Of Innocence Essays - Iranian Films, A Moment Of Innocence

A Moment Of Innocence A Moment of Innocence: Reconciling the Past When I walked into class that day I was indifferent to the movie that we would be watching that evening. Five minutes into A Moment of Innocence (1995) by Mohsan Makhmalbaf, I was hooked. By taking a pseudo-documentary style Makhmalbaf lets us see the people as they are transformed into the characters from the directors past. This style allows us to grow up with them and to relate to both sides of the story. By taking a true event and fictionalizing, at least part of it, Makhmalbaf has us trying to figure out what parts have been added to the narrative and which parts truly speak to history. A documentary does not strive to tell a story, it looks upon events unemotionally and tries not to colour our ideas about the event. A Moment of Innocence is not a documentary but uses the truth function common to that genre to give us an understanding of the events from both sides and makes us think about how our actions effect others every day. If A Moment of Innocence had been a wholly fiction al film I do not believe that it would have carried the same emotional impact. Different scenes in the film show us how Makhmalbaf is trying to reconcile his past actions with his feeling today. They also show how he is, while not in any way apologizing for his actions, trying to amend some of the damage he may have caused. There are several scenes in the film that stand out to me as important. The scene that caught me the most off-guard occurred when Makhmalbaf and young Makhmalbaf went to the directors cousins home to try to enlist her daughter to play the roll her mother had played in real life. For just a moment the daughter and young Makhmalbaf step out of themselves and become the characters that they are playing. They make plans to meet the next day for the incident with the policeman, both look nervous, Makhmalbaf returns and they resume their roles as if the exchange had never occurred. This glimpse into what and how the incident was planned gives the audience a look into the type of people that Makhmalbaf and his cousin were as young adults, scared but sure in their purpose. The scene also allows us to step out of the knowledge that this is staged and shows us the characters as people, not actors. It is a sudden and surprising scene that catches the audience off guard, and makes them see the r ealness of the situation. By combining this with the documentary feel of the film Makhmalbaf allows us to suspend our disbelief for a brief instant and plunges us into what his reality was at that time. The policemans reality is vastly different from that of Makhmalbafs. The most conspicuous example of this occurs when the stabbing incident is staged for the initial time. The policeman becomes aware for the first time that the girl he thought he was falling in love with was actually an accomplice of young Makhmalbaf. He immediately puts a stop to the scene and leads his younger self away from the filming. By our empathy towards the policeman who has lived with the memory of a love he though he had lost for his entire life, it is driven home to us how two people who are involved in the same event can perceive it differently. It is a hard truth for the policeman to face. He needs to reconcile this part of his history, which has suddenly changed for him, with his own new feelings of self-doubt. The policeman was so self-assured up until that moment; he had probably played the stabbing over and over in his mind ever since it happened and thought he had a handle on the truth. In a way hi s innocence was shattered and lost at that moment. To have what you think of as the truth ripped away from you so suddenly is a life changing experience. The final scene in A Moment of Innocence reflects the life changing aspect of this story on all the persons involved. In a documentary the

robert frost essays

robert frost essays There have been millions of writers and millions of books filed with short stories and poems and life experiences. But one the most recognized poets of his time and so on was Robert Frost. Most Americans are familiar with his name and may be a piece or two, but to the avid reader of poetry or novels Robert Frost is to be pinned as one of the greatest, if not the very greatest of American poets ever. Born in San Francisco, California, in 1874 Roberts parents were involved in journalism and politics and teaching. Robert attended high school in Lawrence, where his first poems where published in the school newspaper. He graduated co-valedictorian and soon after married the valedictorian. Robert tired a few colleges but never finished. He attended Dartmouth and Harvard both for short periods of time but with drew do to children. Growing up Robert work a wide variety of jobs Including mill hand, newspaper reporter, and teacher at his mothers school. His big break in 1894 when his poem My Butterfly was published in the New York Journal. His big break turned out to be 20 years of isolation and neglect. He endured many deaths in his life between 1899 1907. His wife, child, mother and grandfather all past in those few years. Perhaps no poem by Frost is more anthologized and studied and taken apart more than Stopping by the Wood on a Snowy Evening. Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening was written in just about that way, after I had been working all nigh long on New Hampshire. But I must admit, it was written in a few minutes without any strain (Robert Frost). There are four possible meanings to this poem. First, the driver contemplates the purity of life without sin (snow), but decides one must move on-spurred on by the horse-before living as sinless a life as if one were sleeping or dead. Or the interpretations can just the opposite: the reader contemplates a fallen nature represented b...

Crime Scene Investigators in Law Enforcement Research Paper

Crime Scene Investigators in Law Enforcement - Research Paper Example Crime Scene Investigator The scene where the crime occurred is an imperative aspect in the entire process of investigation. The site contains the core evidence which enables law enforces piece together the evidence amassed from other locations. The evidence gathered from the scene may at times require processing. These investigators undertake various tasks which include classifying and analyzing the evidence. Therefore, the crime scene investigator may require an assortment of skills and knowledge to undertake their tasks. These investigators should have relevant qualifications in the scientific field such as forensics. The knowledge and skill impacted in such a programme will be vital for these investigators. CSI teams should be the first to arrive at the scene. This will ensure that the evidence gathered is apposite. Additionally, there may be people intentionally or unintentionally attempting to distort the scene to frustrate the investigations. These investigators should show urg ency in their arrival at the crime scene. Some crimes entail interviewing the persons that were around the scene when incidence happened. Therefore, the investigator should have appropriate skills that will enable them gather the right information in relation to the crime. Additionally, there should have the capacity to discern the flawed and correct evidence. The investigators should consequently connect the events that occurred in a chronological manner. Crime scene investigators are an imperative constituent of the disciplined forces (Dutelle, 2011). Importance of a CSI team This team makes a crucial contribution in resolving crime since it amasses the initial evidence. The initial evidence forms the basis on which the investigator can follow up the case. It provides the investigator with vital hints on what avenue to pursue in order to resolve the crime. The initial evidence shows when and how the crime happened. Consequently, the team vested with the authority of gathering such evidence contributes considerably to resolution of the crime. With the massive advancements in technology, criminals are utilizing sophisticated methods that leave minimal traces. Consequently, it is vital that there is a CSI team which has the knack to retrieve evidence in sophisticated crimes. The ordinary law enforcer may lack the ability to see some minor details which would provide subsequent investigators with clues on what measures to undertake. The CSI team also processes evidence. The processing of evidence may include DNA analysis and matching of fingerprints. Such evidence is extremely vital in homicides and thefts. However, the effectiveness depends on the legal framework provided and the police force procedures. Some of these laws may create bureaucratic procedures that limit the efficacy of CSI teams. The evidence provided by these teams forms the basis of prosecution and enables lawmakers to charge an offender with charge based on the evidence available. CSI team arr ives at the crime scene earlier on and assists other investigators in stitching together the events that occurred leading to the crime. Most CSI team acts as the custodian of the evidence amassed. Some CSI members specialize in photographic analysis which assists in facial recognition of criminal or victims. Owing to their understanding of the events which transpired, then members of CSI teams are present at court trials. Therefore, CSI teams do not only partake in investigations, but

Phil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Phil - Essay Example Based on Bacon’s idea we could substantially deduce the thought that initiating experiments is a must in order to learn something more about the nature’s secret. In fact, we learned more about genetic engineering and its associated human benefits for instance because scientists were able to initiate studies or experiments and are still on the continuing process of doing them, which according to Bacon’s discourse are form or means of disturbing or annoying nature just to unearth potential deeper learning or understanding about it. Descartes’ assertion on the other hand is focused on separting from the natural world and so to make precise measurement possible. It is about modifying physical process from one system of constraints to another (Descartes and Gaukroger 8). Just like Bacon, Descartes could still be referring to the inclusion of experimental process in order to make certain of the nature’s essential hidden information. It is only this way th at humans would be able to come up with a definite or precise explanation how everything is going on in the physical world. 2. What is the goal of Bacon’s and Descartes’ new science? Articulate the goal itself, and why it is necessary human goal. Articulate how the goal shapes the new way of inquiry and its new starting point. The goal of Bacon’s and Descartes’ new science is to uncover the secret of the nature. For them, this is a necessary human goal because it will lead to the betterment of life. The advancement of technology for instance has been made possible through consistent and existing scientific inquiry. Various technologies are able to give life’s comfort and even improvement of the humans’ way of living and this is because of the continuing quest to inquire the world and uncover the very secret that every human being should understand. Concerning this goal, Bacon and Descartes might be implying the fact that we need to be more a ggressive with our inquiry in order to promote the remarkable way of understanding the nature and even extend our power and dominion over the universe. Today, the new way of inquiry might have a strong relevance with the ideas of Bacon and Descartes. As the human technology advances, many things that are kept hidden before us from the past are momentarily revealed right before our eyes today. Science and technology are combined together in order to promote more dynamic output in the process of scientific inquiry. Research designs are formulated from time to time just to be able to acquire relevant information that would make sense prior to acquiring the appropriate inference. In other words, though the basic foundation implied from the ideas of Bacon and Descartes remains, what is very obvious is the fact that there are dynamic improvements or changes in the inquiry and its new starting point is revealed through the allocation of existing information and developed technologies. 3. F or Locke, what is the state of nature? How are liberty, equality and law found in the state of nature? In what way does Locke expect his reader to find his natural law teaching in this state â€Å"a strong doctrine†? Locke’s idea of the state of nature concerns with men who can reach order without being controlled by someone else. It is therefore a state of perfect freedom and equality, as every one lives together according to reason under the law of nature (McDowell 146). Under Locke’

The Value Of Happiness In The Workplace

The Value Of Happiness In The Workplace To write this essay, I mixed the main findings of the text and included some additional references with my own opinion. I believe that the text wants us to reflect on this question: does work allow happiness? In our contemporary society, and especially for someone like me who is starting my professional career, I think it is a relevant question, a controversial topic very interesting to discuss, that has become a real debate nowadays. About Happiness Happiness is a state of fully satisfied consciousness. Its a state of mind that depends on how it is interpreted. Happiness may also be defined as the experience of frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect and an overall sense of satisfaction with life as a whole (Myers Diener, 1995). In recent years, there has been a craze to measure happiness due to feelings of individuals who dont feel happier despite of an increase in wealth and of the increasing importance given to quality of life, hence the concept of sustainable development for example. Happiness is not just being happy: as Aristotle wrote, A swallow does not a make a spring, nor one single day ( « une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps, ni non plus un seul jour  »). This phrase became proverbial, meaning that happiness is not the affair of a moment; it must really last over time if it is true. The ambition of the great schools of antique philosophy is to allow men to reach happy lives: the search for lasting happiness is the purpose of this part of philosophy called ethics. Aristotle as well as the Epicureans and the Stoics agree on this point: only a just and upright life can give us access to true happiness, that is to say durable, long-lasting happiness. For the Epicureans, if pleasure is essential to happiness, some desires bring more disorders than festivities: they must be set aside, and we should content ourselves with natural and necessary desires, because they are source of pleasure and easy to satisfy. For the Stoics, happiness cannot be sustainable if it depends on external circumstances: I have to discipline my will to learn to only depend on me, because my happiness cannot be left with the whims of the fortune. 2. About Work Due to its etymology (tripalium meaning in Latin torture trestel), the concept of work is already inconsistent, contradictory with the idea of happiness. While in antiquity and in a society of orders work was contrary to social prestige, employment is nowadays a discriminating element. Indeed, we see appearing in the society a social category of working poors and many precarious jobs. From then on, become central constituent element of both lifestyle and standard of living, work appears today not as a Garden of Eden but more as a source of conflicts, concerns, and gloom. In fact, happiness and work do not seem to be compatible. 3. Work and Happiness Happiness depends on work According to the relative index of happiness, work is one of the most important factors that influence happiness. You cannot separate one from the other. This notion of work rises through the tasks we execute, of course, but also in the relationships we have with colleagues, in the recognition that we obtain from our employer, in our level of empowerment and in the valuation bound to the fact of learning and discovering. In addition, in a French study published in 2003 work to be happy? ( « travailler pour à ªtre heureux?  »), it seems that a quarter of the French respondents emphasize that work constitutes in itself an essential part of happiness. If a quarter of the French states that individual happiness directly depends on work, it reveals not only the importance of work as a major source of definition of the conceptions of happiness, but also the wide variety of professional situations. This can be understood as far as work is thought by men as a source, multifaceted, essential, of happiness. In this sense, without work, unemployed men cannot get to know happiness. Indeed, the activity is today privileged and highly valued in the economic and social life. France, which has a relatively high unemployment rate compared to its European neighbors such as Germany, regularly puts in place specific economic policies aimed directly at reducing the unemployment rate. In our society, the professional activity is valued because it provides legitimate resources (wealth, social status, salary, etc.) In addition, we can only emphasize the omnipotence of work. The occupation appears in this perspective as a necessary condition for happiness because it allows for a whole range of human needs. Happiness can be compatible to work to the extent that a productive activity can also be a creative activity, a fruitful activity, especially source of satisfaction of multiple needs. Abraham Maslow has shown in his pyramid theory of needs that men must satisfy first their physiological needs, then their safety needs (i.e. earn money to meet their basic needs, that is to say, food, housing ) before considering other needs more extensive as sense of belonging, esteem from others, self-esteem etc.. But it is precisely through the professional activity that men will be able to meet their first needs, indispensable to happiness. For the majority of workers, working is a condition of their happiness and their job is an irreplaceable source of income and social inclusion. Indeed, for some employees, the firm is not only a workplace, but a real social institution, where they can really socialize with others. As a matter of fact, with the current economy, for some it is a real luck to have a job to be able to live (housing, food), and this work can make them happy! In addition, a personal development, a self-fulfillment is done by working with the satisfaction obtained after the effort. To illustrate this, we can cite people who do a thankless job, but who follow an ideal, and whom it makes happy! For example Mother Theresa worked in the garbage dumps to look after the rejected, unloved, and neglected people and was happy to help them even if the environment was dreadful. I think that happiness at work is different for everyone, for some people, happiness will reside in the social side provided by the activity, for others it will be being able to travel, for other it will be obtaining a big pay etc In addition, many people will say that if you like what we do, you obtain better results. Having happy employees can be the key to business success. During my internship, I have noticed that employees who seemed happy were more team-players, were more concentrated, more proactive and wasted less time and resources. Indeed, if we take the example of a salesman, if he looks happy and satisfied, he will transmit his enthusiasm, he will probably encourage more easily customers to buy, his sales will increase, his performance and efficiency will participate to a productivity increase and the company will benefit directly from it! Basically, having happy, satisfied and loyal employees will bring happy, satisfied and loyal customers! And happy, satisfied and loyal customers will bring higher profits! The motivation to reach our objectives increases with professional fulfillment. It also stimulates and encourages creativity and innovation. I think if that if we are really happy, we are then 100% invested in what we undertake, and we can even go beyond what is expected of us. Then starts a virtuous circle because the company, happy with the employees results, will give him or her more autonomy and responsibility, which will increase the workers satisfaction. In addition, I think that in general, when were happy, when we see life in pink, we look at the future in a more positive way, and obstacles appear less insurmountable. According to the hierarchy particularly, if a worker is successful, he will be easily granted better positions, more responsibilities and higher salaries which will participate to increase his happiness. Achieve contentment and satisfaction of its employees is a real challenge for a company. But it is really beneficial because it helps decrease employee turnover and absenteeism due to illness or overwork, through better energy management and health. Negative stress is transformed into positive stress. I recently read that a real link was established between being happy at work and health. We can cite the example of management in the company Google. In my opinion, the company has implemented many policies to achieve well-being and satisfaction of its employees. For example, employees can enjoy many benefits such as free haircuts, sports facilities (gyms, swimming pools), laundry services, medical personnel on the workplace, recreation rooms (billiards, babyfoots, video games), enjoy massages and so onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think thats part of why Google is placed number 1 of the 100 best companies to work for in 2012 by the magazine Fortune. I think it is important to emphasize the important place of labor relationships for happiness. Empathy has a prominent place. At work, there are four types of relationships with colleagues: Friends outside of work, who become friends in the normal way Friends at work, whom we only see at work, for example, during breaks or lunch time The friendly relations at work, people with whom we dont have a break or lunch with Labor relations only, that is to say those which we avoid But in closer relationships, two types of behavior are favored; on the one hand cooperation and on the other hand, jokes and gossip. It was found that these two ways of acting promote job satisfaction, help to reduce the impact of stress on health, and decrease the psychosomatic effects. We know now that health is a driving force in self-realization, in self-fulfillment, in the pursuit of happiness. Thus, good working relationships facilitate the achievement of personal happiness. It is for this reason that the employer must ensure that the working environment is positive. This is for example why numerous team building activities were developed these recent years. In my view, the recognition by colleagues and superiors of the accomplished work is essential. An even more important relationship is the one between an employee and his supervisor. In order for the employee to be satisfied in his work and thus allow opening a door to his general happiness in life, the immediate supervisor must show a lot of consideration and well-being. He must also be careful not to be too prescriptive but suggestive, not imposing a way to do things but imposing goals for examples. The supervisor should give feedback, recognize successes, offer new challenges and especially show justice and fairness. I also believe that a good manager is a supportive manager. To be happy at work, it is important for employees to work in an environment that is not hostile but dynamic and fair. In other words, we could say that even if the hierarchy must remain, hierarchical barriers must fall. Moreover, we can highlight that various intellectual traditions held thinking work, not only as a place of possible alienation (Marxist tradition), but also in a more modern way, as a place for membership, belonging, and identity creation. Indeed, if work is often seen as a painful constraint, it is nevertheless a way by which men overcome nature and conquer their freedom and humanity. This is what Hegel shows by teaching me to delay the satisfaction of my desires, working requires me to discipline myself ( « en mapprenant à   retarder le moment de la satisfaction de mes dà ©sirs, le travail moblige à   me discipliner  »). Through the effort, men gradually master themselves: they free themselves from the nature (their instincts) by transforming the nature out of them. Work is thus needed in a second sense: without it, men cannot realize their humanity. Work should not be considered in the horizon of survival: by their work, men cultivate and humanize nature (Marx) and educate themselves. This is the meaning of Hegels dialectic of the master and the slave, the master, that is to say, the one who enjoys the work of others without doing anything with his ten fingers, is finally the true slave, and the slave who learned to discipline himself and to patiently acquire knowledge becomes master of himself and of the nature. While it was an undergone constraint and the mark of slavery, work becomes the driving element of our liberation as it allows the realization of ourselves. Thus, work can be seen as a liberating or emancipating activity. But work also has a more specific educating value: work is a source of education according to Kant. Indeed, as Rousseau stated, work involves effort, perseverance, consistency, qualities that are opposed to our natural tendency to inertia. Working is educational as it teaches us to go against our natural tendency to passivity and ease. In a way working is doing violence to our nature: work also teaches us to master ourselves. If work takes such a central place in our lives, it nonetheless also shapes our own representations of happiness. Thus, we must also understand the sense in which 75% of French respondents in the survey work and happiness think work is not in itself a part of happiness. Happiness doesnt depend on work If professional activity is not necessarily an integral part of individual happiness, it is because happiness can come from other sources. Also, if some ethics believe work can make people happy, some other ethics believe non-work constitutes a way to be happy. In other words, it is primarily the type of profession that will determine whether a person is happy or not. Sweetened and idealized images of the self-made man or of the businessman travelling have to face those darker images of the warehouseman or of the unpacker employee subjected to difficult schedules. Thus, some individuals place their work in the center of their happiness, but others emphasize the concepts of health, family, friends. Within the sociological study Happiness and Work ( « Bonheur et Travail  ») directed by Christian Baudelot and which resulted in the book Work to be happy ( « Travailler pour à ªtre heureux  »), it has been shown that the reference to work is uneven from one social group to another. In fact, 43% of workers, but only 27% of business leaders, executives and self-employed mentioned it. It is therefore a visible paradox: the apparently less valued professions (such as blue-collar workers), believe work is a superior source of happiness than more socially desirable occupations such as managers and higher intellectual professions (who believe work is a less important source of happiness). A film like Human Resources from Laurent Cantet in 1999 ( « Ressources humaines  »), which describes the arrival of a young adult into the Human Resources Direction service of his fathers company, shows the dichotomy of the business and social world and highlights the different relationships to work. For the father, work is the backbone of a lifetime; for the son, work is a means by which it seeks its own identity. Moreover we can distinguish the white collars, whose profession is a way to conduct a good life out of the company (family, friends, outings, travels, leisureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), and the blue collars, like the father of the young hero, who, once returned from the factory in the evening, continues for his pleasure to work on parts. In this logic, we can assume that for many workers, happiness depends on other things deemed more important than work. We can also note that work is sometimes thought, certainly in a more marginal way, as antithetical to happiness. This is particularly the case when the activity in question is suffered, undergone because of it is hard, arduous, precarious or not remunerative enough. It can also be translated more concretely by the introduction and implementation of alternative lifestyles, refusing work, as described in the movie directed by Pierre Carles in 2003 Attention danger work ( « Attention danger travail  »). It is important to highlight that many workers emphasize a certain job insecurity due to structural changes and to the desire of companies to maximize flexibility. Also, the first professions to be exposed to the major recent developments of capitalism (the end of massive industrialization and the development of the tertiary sector), have been either deleted or replaced (we can think for example of minors or steel workers in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais). Nowadays, these trends, continued and emphasized by growing financialization of economies and increased power to shareholders, thus bring some professionals in specific sectors of the industry in situations where the sense of fragility and precariousness outweighs safety. Outsourcing and relocation waves to conquer new markets and produce at a cheaper labor cost, have recently crystallized in France this deep fear of workers for their personal future. To sum up, we can that that because of the severe downturn of todays economy, a big majority of employees are apprehensive about the security of their positions and this leads to higher levels of self-doubt and conflict into the workplace. Considering in this perspective that a precarious profession couldnt be constitutive of happiness in the long term, we can understand that so few French respondents said they were happy with their work because their work is no longer their predominant value. The working time reduction, the emergence of a leisure society, and the omnipresence of consumption lead the professional activity to become an incidental or accessory occupation. At the same time, authors like Dominique Meda with his book Work, an endangered value ( « Le travail, une valeur en voie de disparition  ») or Andrà © Gorz with his book Work metamorphoses, search for meaning ( « Mà ©tamorphoses du travail, quà ªte du sens  ») show that the modern work is not necessarily at the heart of concerns. On one hand, for Dominique Meda, work in contemporary Western societies requires individuals to make permanent choices and tradeoffs between professional life and family life. On another hand, for Andrà © Gorz, any activity that aims to minimize its working time cannot at same time boast or glorify work as a source of personal fulfillment. In short, it is therefore clear with these two authors that technical and technological progress tends to make work become a mere moment, often restrictive and constraining, of life. In addition, professions where hardness and physical or mental efforts to produce are numerous can logically less contribute to happiness, compared to other more fulfilling professions. Also, those jobs where wages and salaries are very low cannot actively contribute to happiness. Moreover, it would be interesting to know whether the professions traditionally favored, envied and valued are actually those where happiness is possible, at work, and out of work. It is interesting to note that managers, for example, is the profession where people say they are most exposed to a significant nervous tension, rather than workers, for example. We can cite as an example that the year 2012 saw the greatest number of burn-outs. In addition, new researches show that such stress at work is as dangerous for the health and the well-being of an individual as smoking. Similarly, because the professions with high responsibilities are absorbing and time consuming, the life out-work is sometimes disturbed which questions and threatens the general equilibrium of life. Managers are more likely than workers to report that their occupation prevents them from practicing other activities. They are in fact subject to a dilemma: to invest in their profession to climb the social ladder and eventually earn more, or focus on areas outside work to find a personal harmony. Suffering at work (psychological pressure, for example) is thus not only the prerogative of professions usually less valued like blue-collar workers. In addition, examples of recurring depression and suicides at work (for example in France Tà ©là ©com in 2008) are in any case symptomatic of a doubt about the ability of work to make us happy. In the past few years, large companies such as IBM have created within their organizations positions of Well-being Director or Happiness Director. As a matter of fact, the question of happiness at work is today no longer immediately obvious; it is not a certainty anymore for more and more workers, employees or entrepreneurs. In the same range of ideas, we can highlight that Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello have in their book The new spirit of capitalism ( « Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme  ») also shown how capitalism has managed to integrate all the external ideological reviews and has incorporated them in its ways of doing. The liberation of the personal creativities, the expression of everyones happiness in the company can, in fact, become a daily burden. If the modern managerial discourse laid the mysteries of employees happiness, the practice of happy work has become a reality often illusory. 4. Conclusion I believe we can say that the 25% of French people who responded positively to the question of whether their work constitute in itself a part of happiness can be considered privileged. On the one hand, work has become a major source of self-fulfillment as a condition to meet our needs, but it retains the possibility to submit, use, coerce, through human traditional subjugation for specific tasks, such as through managerial techniques aiming at excessive responsibility: to ensure not only the competence, the knowledge, but also the know-how and the skills. On the other hand, work was subjected in all its aspects, dimensions and possibilities to profound and deep changes that have made it more difficult to achieve happiness. In a way, the work reinventing itself in the contemporary period, it is all traditional conceptions of happiness that could be challenged. It is ultimately through a rational individual arbitration between working time and leisure time, made possible by a harmonious relationship with ones business, which could be found the source of a possible fulfillment through work. Some retired or inactive people, seek to continue working rather than stop. In fact, they highlight the importance work takes in our society. It allows standing in life, worthy, dignified and proud of our human condition. Therefore, maybe should we question the economic policies of employment nowadays in France because they dont sufficiently take into account the importance of work as a source of personal fulfillment and not just as a source of income?

Case Analysis: “No Frills” Air Fares

Business Economics Case Analysis: â€Å"No Frills† Air Fares Distinguish between the demand curves for National Airlines, Eastern Airlines and the Airlines industry. The above analysis requires an understanding of: (i) Why is the demand curve downward sloping? (ii) Can price have the same effect on the demand between the firms and at industry level? (iii) What would be the effect of changes in income and other prices on the demand curve of a firm? iv) Calculate the price elasticity of demand for National and Eastern Airlines. (v) Which elasticity measurement (Point vs. Arc) is appropriate for National and Eastern Airline? Explain â€Å"No Frills† Air Fares As the 1974-1975 recession made inroads into passenger traffic loads of the major airlines, National Airlines persuaded the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) to let it try an experiment with a discount of as much as 35 % from normal coach fares on certain of its regularly scheduled routes. National, in an effort to build up its load factor, tied its discount fare proposal to the offering of â€Å"no frills† service during the flight, including doing away with complimentary meals, snacks, soft drinks, and coffee so as to reduce costs and partially offset the lower-priced fares. However, passengers using the â€Å"no frills† plan could selectively purchase these items in-flight if they wished. The no frills fares were offered only Mondays through Thursdays. The CAB gave the go-ahead to National to experiment with the no frills fare, with the proviso that National study the plan and report back at a later date. Eastern Airlines and Delta Airlines, both competitors of National on some of the routes where National proposed to implement no frills fares, were also permitted to use the discount fares for a trial period. In its report to the CAB on the results of the no frills approach, National maintained that 56 % of the 133,000 passengers who used its no frills fare from mid- April through June 30, 1975, were enticed to travel by air because of the discount fare plan. According to National, the new passenger traffic generated by discount fares increased its revenues by $4 million during that period. National said that its figures were based upon an on-board survey of 13,500 passengers and presented one of the most exhaustive studies ever conducted for a CAB investigation. J. Dan Brock, vice president for marketing for National Airlines, was quoted at a news conference as saying that the fare had been an â€Å"unqualified success,† had created a new air-travel market, and had generated more than twice the volume of new passengers required to offset revenue dilution caused by regular passengers switching to the lower fare. He said the stimulus of the fare gave National a net traffic gain of 74,000 passengers during the initial 21/2 – month trail. But he also cautioned that the success claims he was making for the no frills fare did not mean that low fares were the answer to the airline industry’s excess capacity problems. Yet Brock did go so far as to state that â€Å"what no frills has proved†¦ is that a properly conceived discount fare, offered at the right time in the right markets with the right controls, can help airlines hurdle traditionally soft traffic period. Eastern Airlines reported a much different experience. Eastern said its studies showed that only 14 % of the 55,200 of its passengers who used a no frills fare between mid-April and May 31 represented newly generated traffic, with the remaining 86 % representing passengers diverted from higher fares who would have flown anyway. It said that the effect of the fare in the six major markets it studied was a net loss in re venue to Eastern of $ 543,000 during the initial 11/2 months. At the same time Eastern attacked the credibility of the National Airlines’ survey, noting that its own data were based upon an exhaustive and scientific blind telephone survey among persons who did not know the purpose and sponsor of the survey. Eastern claimed that this type of study was more apt to produce unbiased results that National’s on-board surveys. Other airlines joined Eastern in challenging National’s survey results in the CAB’s hearing to decide whether the no frills fares should continue to be allowed. Delta Airlines, for example, claimed that the no frills fare did not even come close to offsetting the dilution its experienced in revenues. Other airline officials observed that while National Airlines might have succeeded through its heavy promotion of the no frills fares in diverting some business from ther carriers, they felt that National‘s claims of generating many passengers who otherwise would not have flown were â€Å"preposterous. † Those airlines in direct competition with National on the routes where the discount fares were tried were vehemently opposed to continuing the discounts. In their view the no frills approach constituted â€Å"economic nonsense. † They announced a policy of matching National’s discount fare only where forced to for competitive reasons.

Censorship in Education

Plato writes in Book Nine of â€Å"The Republic,† that in a good society there should be censorship, which should be determined by the ruler. Plato has a very strict view on what should be censored in education. For example, Plato believes that many sections of the Odyssey should be censored. I do believe in censorship in education, but I do not believe in censorship to the same level that Plato does. I believe that censorship should be considered at a much smaller level. Plato believed in censoring poets, especially for the use of education. Plato said that fables and legends that are normally told to young children give a false idea of gods and heroes. Plato believes that the only thing that poets or writers should write about is the â€Å"divine nature as it really is† (71). Plato believed that children should only learn the truth, because if they do not they are given a false idea of life. I do not agree with Plato and his idea that fables and legends should not be told to children. I believe that children need to hear fables and legends. The fables and legends help young children understand major ideas that they otherwise would not understand or be interested in. For example, the fable of â€Å"The Milkmaid and her Pail† makes it easier to understand the theme â€Å"don†t count your chickens until they†ve hatched. † If a child is just told that idea they will not automatically understand it. Children need to be able to relate to what they are being taught in order for them to stay interested and listen to what they are being taught. This story may not be the â€Å"divine truth,† but I believe that it still has an important lesson for children. There is no harm in fables or legends and I do not believe that they should be censored. Plato believes as children get older, what they learn should still be regulated. Plato believes that even the Odyssey should be censored. Plato does not agree with Homer when he describes Zeus as bestowing of both good and evil. Plato says the truth is that Heaven is only accountable for what is good, not what is evil. Plato therefore, believes that what Homer has written is false and should be censored. Also, Plato does not approve of the language used in parts of the Odyssey. Plato says, â€Å"the very sound of which is enough to make one shiver† ‘loathsome Styx,† ‘the River of Wailing†¦ â€Å"† (77). Another part of the Odyssey that Plato would censor is the â€Å"wailing and lamentations of the famous heroes† (77). Plato does not look at death as something to fear, so promoting death as a bad thing should be taken out of writing. I do not agree with Plato. I find nothing offensive about his writing and language. I also do not believe there is anything wrong with writing something that is not the â€Å"divine truth. It is the right of the writer to choose how he writes and what he writes about. Hence, I believe that it is up to the discretion of the reader to pick what they do and do not read. When it comes to education, each school should decide on what to censor. The individual schools will know what is and what is not appropriate for their students rather than the government. I also disagree with Plato†s idea of banning the weeping of the dead. Plato said that death should not be feared. This is an issue that varies on an individual basis. Sometimes these beliefs are religious beliefs and sometimes they are not; and I believe that these thoughts and ideas should not be restricted in any way. Plato believes that the ruling part should set restrictions and enforce them. Plato does not believe in a poetic license. Plato says, â€Å"You and I, Adeimantus, as not†¦ to invent stories ourselves, but only to be clear as to the main outlines to be followed by the poets in making their stories and the limits beyond which they must not be allowed to go† (70-71). Plato believes that it is the ruler†s obligation to state the limitations of the writer. He also believes it is the writers obligation to follow these limitations. Plato believes that these limitations are all focused on writing of the â€Å"divine truth. † He believes an artist should paint a picture exactly as it is seen, without any imperfections. Plato says this is also how writers should write, the truth without any imperfections. Once again I disagree with Plato. I believe that a writer should not be limited at all. A writer has the ability and the right to write whatever they want to and how ever they want to. I strongly believe in freedom of speech which Plato does not believe in. This does not mean that I believe that children can read anything, but I believe that it is the responsibility of the parents to watch what the children read. As the children get older and enroll into school, it also becomes the schools responsibility to censor what the child reads. I do not believe that the government has any right to censor or limit a writer in any way just so someone does not read it. If someone does not want to read what was written, then they do not have to read it. Plato has a very strict view on censorship. One that I do not agree with. One reason why my views are so different from Plato†s is because we are from different periods in time. This has a lot to do with the conflicts in our ideas. Plato believes that the government should regulate and enforce what writers write. I believe that writers should be able to write whatever they want to and that it is the reader†s responsibility to pick what they want to read. If the reader is a child then the parents and school should regulate what the child is reading. I do not believe that a writer should be restricted in any way. I believe that this is very important to our society today.

Concept of Imperialism - 1392 Words

Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true? Rudyard Kiplings The White mans burden seems to be an ironic condemnation of imperialism. Whilst most Westerners of the viewed imperialism as a necessary fact and as a boon to the savages, Kipling was a pre-contemporary in more ways than one and saw the Whites as simply one more other race populating the world. The White man in his greed and folly was perpetrating needless wars and occupying anothers land as well as stealing their wives, children, property, and money for the benefit of themselves. Kipling, however, was unique in that most Westerners disagreed with him. To them, they were not only doing their duty but many defined their acts as charity. They were educating the illiterate; teaching the savage the ways of Jesus Christ; showing the primitive how to till and cultivate his soil as well as manage his business; and, in all ways, positively affecting the inferior race with the gentility and keener intelligence of the superior. Others admitted their stake of personal self-inte rest, but pegged on the same rationalizations: they were benefitting the inferior savage by occupying his land. The fact that this seemed to be the common attitude of the period is clearly seen in literature that has become classic. Pollyanna and Tom Sawyer, for instance, are two classic productions of the period thatShow MoreRelatedThe Acknowledgement Of Core And Peripheral States On Global Stage902 Words   |  4 Pagesfind their gap with established states challenging to narrow. Imperialism and dependency theories were therefore begotten to explain complicated relationships between nations, among them the flow and tendency of influence. 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